🇨🇩 Outbreak Investigation of Ebola Virus Diseases in North Kivu
  • Overview
  • Case description at Admission
  • Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications
  • Daily assessment
Cases
463
Deaths
150

Average CFR (%)

32%
Cases distribution in 🇨🇩 North Kivu
  • 📈 Cases by Outcome and Month
  • Age and Sex Distribution - Cases
  • Population characteristics by outcomee
  • Population characteristics by Sex at Birth
Population characteristics
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Full recovery with sequelae
N = 11
Full recovery without sequelae
N = 2571
Referred to another facility
N = 31
Unknown
N = 521
p-value2
Age at admission – – – – – 0.83
    Median (Min, Max) 30 (3, 70) 42 (42, 42) 32 (1, 71) 37 (25, 48) 29 (1, 63) –
Age Group – – – – – –
    <5 2 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 7 (2.9%) 0 (0%) 2 (4.1%) –
    5-17 18 (12%) 0 (0%) 20 (8.2%) 0 (0%) 6 (12%) –
    18-24 26 (18%) 0 (0%) 53 (22%) 0 (0%) 11 (22%) –
    25-34 44 (30%) 0 (0%) 60 (25%) 1 (50%) 10 (20%) –
    35-49 37 (25%) 1 (100%) 70 (29%) 1 (50%) 13 (27%) –
    50+ 19 (13%) 0 (0%) 33 (14%) 0 (0%) 7 (14%) –
Gender – – – – – 0.88
    Male 67 (45%) 0 (0%) 110 (43%) 2 (67%) 24 (46%) –
    Female 83 (55%) 1 (100%) 147 (57%) 1 (33%) 28 (54%) –
Patient occupation – – – – – 0.02
    Healthcare worker 9 (11%) 0 (0%) 33 (23%) 0 (0%) 3 (6.8%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 38 (46%) 1 (100%) 66 (46%) 1 (50%) 29 (66%) –
    Unknown 36 (43%) 0 (0%) 43 (30%) 1 (50%) 12 (27%) –
Is the patient pregnant? – – – – – –
    Yes 5 (100%) 0 (NA%) 11 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? – – – – – –
    Yes 4 (100%) 0 (NA%) 3 (100%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
Diabetes – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
HIV 2 (67%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 1.00
Chronic pulmonary disease – – – – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Bleeding – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
Fever – – – – – –
    Yes 88 (100%) 0 (NA%) 144 (100%) 2 (100%) 26 (100%) –
Diarrhoea – – – – – –
    Yes 70 (100%) 1 (100%) 77 (100%) 0 (NA%) 15 (100%) –
Shock – – – – – –
    Yes 2 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Confusion – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Ebola RDT – – – – – 0.76
    Oraquick 2 (1.6%) 0 (NA%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Not done 126 (98%) 0 (NA%) 212 (99%) 2 (100%) 35 (100%) –
Ct (lowest) – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 20 (0, 38) -- 25 (0, 40) 22 (16, 34) 24 (0, 33) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – – – – 0.80
    Positive 130 (100%) 0 (NA%) 212 (99%) 3 (100%) 41 (100%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 0 (NA%) 2 (0.9%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
    Indeterminate 0 (0%) 0 (NA%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – – – – 0.67
    Median (Min, Max) 164 (30, 385) -- 142 (27, 385) 199 (181, 216) 168 (168, 168) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – – – – 0.54
    Median (Min, Max) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) -- 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) 12.05 (10.10, 14.00) 11.20 (11.20, 11.20) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – – – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 4.00 (4.00, 4.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) 9.45 (9.00, 9.90) 8.05 (7.80, 8.90) –
Antibacterial treatment – – – – – –
    Yes 136 (100%) 1 (100%) 206 (100%) 1 (100%) 46 (100%) –
Antimalarial treatment – – – – – –
    Yes 119 (100%) 1 (100%) 176 (100%) 0 (NA%) 41 (100%) –
Ebola experimental treatment – – – – – –
    Yes 72 (100%) 0 (NA%) 105 (100%) 2 (100%) 23 (100%) –
Oral/orogastric fluids – – – – – –
    Yes 21 (100%) 1 (100%) 48 (100%) 1 (100%) 8 (100%) –
Oxygen therapy – – – – – –
    Yes 3 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Blood transfusion – – – – – –
    Yes 4 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
Vasopressors/inotropes – – – – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) 0 (NA%) –
1 n (%)
2 Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; NA; Fisher’s exact test
Population characteristics
Characteristic Male
N = 2031
Female
N = 2601
p-value2
Age at admission – – 0.45
    Median (Min, Max) 32 (1, 71) 30 (1, 70) –
Age Group – – –
    <5 5 (2.6%) 6 (2.4%) –
    5-17 19 (10%) 25 (10.0%) –
    18-24 30 (16%) 60 (24%) –
    25-34 55 (29%) 60 (24%) –
    35-49 62 (33%) 60 (24%) –
    50+ 19 (10%) 40 (16%) –
Patient occupation – – 0.17
    Healthcare worker 22 (18%) 23 (15%) –
    Non-healthcare worker 64 (54%) 71 (46%) –
    Unknown 33 (28%) 59 (39%) –
Is the patient pregnant? – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 16 (100%) –
Does the patient have any comorbid conditions? – – –
    Yes 3 (100%) 5 (100%) –
Diabetes – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
HIV 1 (100%) 2 (67%) 1.00
Chronic pulmonary disease – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) –
Bleeding – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 1 (100%) –
Fever – – –
    Yes 115 (100%) 145 (100%) –
Diarrhoea – – –
    Yes 62 (100%) 101 (100%) –
Shock – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 1 (100%) –
Confusion – – –
    Yes 0 (NA%) 1 (100%) –
Ebola RDT – – 0.63
    Oraquick 1 (0.6%) 3 (1.4%) –
    Not done 170 (99%) 205 (99%) –
Ct (lowest) – – 0.37
    Median (Min, Max) 22 (0, 38) 23 (0, 40) –
Result of GeneXpert PCR – – 0.34
    Positive 173 (99%) 213 (99%) –
    Negative 0 (0%) 2 (0.9%) –
    Indeterminate 1 (0.6%) 0 (0%) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – 0.84
    Median (Min, Max) 166 (142, 181) 153 (27, 385) –
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – 0.74
    Median (Min, Max) 12.45 (10.60, 14.00) 13.15 (9.00, 17.90) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – 0.90
    Median (Min, Max) 8.30 (4.00, 9.70) 8.25 (4.00, 10.40) –
Antibacterial treatment – – –
    Yes 173 (100%) 217 (100%) –
Antimalarial treatment – – –
    Yes 160 (100%) 177 (100%) –
Ebola experimental treatment – – –
    Yes 89 (100%) 113 (100%) –
Oral/orogastric fluids – – –
    Yes 38 (100%) 41 (100%) –
Oxygen therapy – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 2 (100%) –
Blood transfusion – – –
    Yes 2 (100%) 2 (100%) –
Vasopressors/inotropes – – –
    Yes 1 (100%) 0 (NA%) –
Outcome at discharge – – 0.88
    Death 67 (33%) 83 (32%) –
    Full recovery with sequelae 0 (0%) 1 (0.4%) –
    Full recovery without sequelae 110 (54%) 147 (57%) –
    Referred to another facility 2 (1.0%) 1 (0.4%) –
    Unknown 24 (12%) 28 (11%) –
1 n (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; NA; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
  • Symptoms at Admission
  • Clinical Signs at Admission
  • Bleeding at Admission
  • Table of Symptoms at Admission
  • Table of Symptoms at Admission by outcome
Symptoms Prevalence at Admission
Variable Number of Cases Prevalence Frequency1
Fatigue 69.1% 320 / 463
Anorexia 57.5% 266 / 463
Fever 56.2% 260 / 463
Headache 49.5% 229 / 463
Nausea 46.4% 215 / 463
Weakness 41.7% 193 / 463
Vomiting 38.7% 179 / 463
Body Pain 36.1% 167 / 463
Diarrhoea 35.2% 163 / 463
Abdominal pain 34.3% 159 / 463
Myalgia 33.9% 157 / 463
Chest Pain 17.9% 83 / 463
Difficulty swallowing 13.6% 63 / 463
Sore Throat 10.4% 48 / 463
Difficulty breathing 5.8% 27 / 463
Hiccups 5.8% 27 / 463
Malaise 5.4% 25 / 463
Irriability/Confusion 1.3% 6 / 463
1 Among all cases, assuming missing = Absence.
Symptoms by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Fever 88 (59%) 144 (56%) 0.57
Fatigue 115 (77%) 168 (65%) 0.01
Weakness 76 (51%) 91 (35%) 0.00
Malaise 6 (4.0%) 15 (5.8%) 0.42
Myalgia 62 (41%) 77 (30%) 0.02
Anorexia 94 (63%) 147 (57%) 0.26
Sore Throat 26 (17%) 20 (7.8%) 0.00
Headache 78 (52%) 124 (48%) 0.44
Chest Pain 32 (21%) 47 (18%) 0.44
Body Pain 62 (41%) 85 (33%) 0.09
Hiccups 10 (6.7%) 17 (6.6%) 0.98
Difficulty breathing 14 (9.3%) 11 (4.3%) 0.04
Difficulty swallowing 33 (22%) 27 (10%) 0.00
Abdominal pain 61 (41%) 84 (33%) 0.10
Diarrhoea 70 (47%) 78 (30%) 0.00
Nausea 88 (59%) 112 (43%) 0.00
Vomiting 67 (45%) 98 (38%) 0.18
Irriability/Confusion 3 (2.0%) 2 (0.8%) 0.36
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
  • Cases and CFR (%) by month
  • Cases and CFR (%) by Ct value
  • Treatments at Admission
  • Experimental Treatments at Admission
  • Table of Treatments at Admission by outcome
  • 🔬 Lab Results by outcome
  • Complications
Treatments by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Antibacterial treatment 136 (91%) 207 (80%) 0.01
Antimalarial treatment 119 (79%) 177 (69%) 0.02
Other type of treatment 134 (89%) 202 (78%) 0.00
Ebola experimental treatment 72 (48%) 105 (41%) 0.15
Oral/orogastric fluids 21 (14%) 49 (19%) 0.20
Oxygen therapy 3 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0.05
Blood transfusion 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 0.02
Vasopressors/inotropes 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Remdesivir (GS-5734) 26 (17%) 22 (8.5%) 0.01
Zmapp 5 (3.3%) 1 (0.4%) 0.03
mAb114 18 (12%) 53 (21%) 0.03
REGN3470-3471-3479 22 (15%) 27 (10%) 0.21
1 n (%)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test
Laboratory results by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 150
Recovered
N = 258
p-value1
Haemoglobin (g/L) – – 0.28
    Median (Min, Max) 13.80 (10.60, 17.90) 12.90 (9.00, 17.90) –
WBC count (x10⁹/L) – – 0.33
    Median (Min, Max) 10 (3, 81) 8 (2, 52) –
Platelets (x10⁹/L) – – 0.56
    Median (Min, Max) 164 (30, 385) 142 (27, 385) –
ALT/SGPT (U/L) US – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 397 (22, 2,000) 136 (12, 1,100) –
AST/SGO (U/L) US – – 0.02
    Median (Min, Max) 726 (40, 2,000) 136 (11, 2,000) –
Bilirubin (&micromol/L) US – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 0.75 (0.40, 10.00) 0.50 (0.10, 2.30) –
Creatinine ( &micromol/L) US – – 0.02
    Median (Min, Max) 1.90 (0.50, 11.10) 1.05 (0.20, 12.00) –
Potassium (mmol/L) US – – 0.03
    Median (Min, Max) 4.30 (2.70, 58.00) 3.80 (1.50, 6.80) –
Urea (mmol/L) US – – 0.01
    Median (Min, Max) 27 (5, 151) 10 (3, 142) –
Creatinine kinase (U/L) US – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 1,056 (79, 5,000) 335 (8, 5,000) –
Calcium (mmol/L) US – – 0.00
    Median (Min, Max) 7.75 (4.00, 9.00) 8.70 (4.00, 10.40) –
Sodium (mmol/L) US – – 0.68
    Median (Min, Max) 132 (123, 180) 132 (123, 152) –
Glucose (mmol/L) US – – 0.86
    Median (Min, Max) 93 (50, 406) 93 (42, 308) –
1 Wilcoxon rank sum test
Complications by outcome
Characteristic Death
N = 1501
Recovered
N = 2581
p-value2
Bleeding 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Shock 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
Confusion 1 (0.7%) 0 (0%) 0.37
Coma (P/U in AVPU scoring) 2 (1.3%) 0 (0%) 0.13
1 n (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test
Experimental Treatments (admission)
Intravenous Fluid
Final Outcome
Kinetics of Ct values among Deaths
    Kinetics of Ct values among Recovered


      This dashboard displays statistics of reported cases of EVD in 🇨🇩, North Kivu, in 2018-2019:

      Total cases 463
      Female cases 56%
      Below 5 yrs 2%

      Disclaimer

      Data are provided by many contributors through the the WHO Clinical data platform and are not necessarily representative. To become a contributor, please see the terms of use and register here.